Safety Level of Battery tech and Products

Descriptions (Cathode/Electrolyte/Anode): O3/NFPP/NFS/PB/liquid/HC Main Features: Safe and raw material is abundant & easily accessible make SIBs a promising battery technology. High rates &  low temperature performance, cost stable/predictable. More safe than LIB counterparts. charge at -30℃, discharge at -40℃.   Applications: High rate at cold environment, Starting for trucks, motocycle, low-speed vehicles, outdoor cold weather, military, IDC

Descriptions (Cathode/Electrolyte/Anode): NCM/LFP/liquid/Graphite Main Features: Most widely used battery type, limited raw material supply and price fluctuation and safe issue are the main concerns. charge at above 0℃, discharge at -10℃; Performance at low temp. is not good.    Applications: Because safety concern, applications in some fields are restricted. Such as power facilities, ships/vessels, coal mines, military,

Descriptions (Cathode/Electrolyte/Anode): Sulfur+Sodium polysulfide/ß-Al2O3 ceramic/Sodium Main Features: A type of  solid-state battery, operate at 300℃-350℃. Applications: ESS, I & C ESS

Descriptions (Cathode/Electrolyte/Anode): Lead dioxide/dilute sulfuric acid/Sponge lead Main Features: Valve regulated lead acid battery, its high stablity was proven by practice, its durability is reliable and predictable. Working temp. Gel type  -20℃~45℃;  AGM type 10℃~45℃, Applications: Diverse applications, such as Motive power,  telecom, Standby power, ESS

Descriptions (Cathode/Electrolyte/Anode): Carbon + catalyst + air/PFSA/Cabon+catalyst+H2 Main Features: H2 is the ultimate energy, efficiency above 60%. Working temp. -30℃-60℃, power density 4-7KW/L. For long duration ESS. No need recharge. Applications: Outdoor, cold weather, island and area without electricity, EV , long duration ESS

Descriptions (Cathode/Electrolyte/Anode): Nickel hydride/potassium hydride aqueous/hydrogen storage alloy Main Features: Environmentally upgraded type of Nickel-Cadmium battery. Unique high rate and low temp. discharge performance, charge temp. -20℃.   Applications: Standby power, Securities, electric tool, hybrid EVs

Descriptions (Cathode/Electrolyte/Anode): Mixture of Nickel + sodium chloride+additive/Sodium tetrafluoroaluminate/molten sodium Main Features: High temperature operation battery. Working temp -40 ℃~65℃;  Service life is not affected by temp. Applications: Standby power, ESS, crucial facility, extreme environments

Descriptions (Cathode/Electrolyte/Anode): V(V)/V(IV)/Aqueous Vanadium sulfate/V(III)/V(II) Main Features: Energy storage and release through electrolyte circulation and redox reactions; SE is lowest in battery technologies. The power and energy of the system could be designed independently.   Applications: Large scale ESS, C&I ESS